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Engineering Drawing Tool Kit

CAD Engineering Drawing

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Ozone Layer Depletion explained | Protocols for prevention of Ozone Depletion

Let us Discuss the formation of ozone layer first which will help to understand its depletion better. Ozone Layer Depletion Formation of Ozone (O3): When molecular oxygen(O2) comes in contact with sunlight (UV) it breaks oxygen into two monoatomic oxygen radicals. Formation of nascent oxygen (single atom of oxygen) also known as monoatomic oxygen radical which is quiet simple. This nascent oxygen is highly unstable and very reactive with anything. Chemical reaction involve is Sunlight (UV) O2 一一一一一一一> [O] + [O] This nascent oxygen is combined with another surrounding oxygen molecule which results in the formation of ozone which is triatomic oxygen molecule. O2 + [O] 一一一一一一一一> O3 Ozone layer depletion: Ozone is present in the stratosphere which is naturally occurring substance present in the form of thin layer. This ...

Simple explanation of Force | Newton's 2nd law of motion

What is Force? The simplest way to define force as: Force - Any action that tends to maintain or alter the motion of a body is called force . Man applying Force As seen in the picture above block is in rest initially and a man pushes it to move, that push is known as force. More scientifically Newton state the force as: Newton's 2nd law of motion: Rate of change of momentum is called force. Or we can say that for a constant mass force is directly proportional to acceleration. we knew that momentum is defined as multiplication of mass and velocity of matter. so, change in momentum is mass multiply by change in velocity. momentum change = m( v 2 – v 1 ) SI unit F = (mv 2 – mv ...

Just-In-Time (JIT) Production

The basic idea behind just in time production is to eliminate stockpiles of inventory during production. It was first introduced and implemented in Japan to eliminate wastes of machines, materials, capital, manpower and inventory during manufacturing. But it was first implemented on a large scale at Toyota Motor Company in 1953 and give it a name Kanban which means visible record. Just-In-Time (JIT) Goals: Receive supplies just in time to be used. Produce parts just in time to be made into sub assemblies. Produce sub assemblies just in time to be assembled into final products. Produce and deliver finished products just in time to be sold. Just in time There are two Approaches of manufacturing First Approach is Push System which defines as the parts are made in batches, placed in inventory,and used whenever necessary which is also known as Traditional manufacturing. Second Approach is Push System parts a...

Control measures for SI Engine knocking

Control measures for SI Engine knocking If somehow, we can control the formation of secondary flame front than there is very less tendency of SI engine knocking. In particular there are eight ways to control it. 1. Compression ratio/cylinder dimension: Increase in compression ratio causes increase in cylinder temperature after compression stroke from BDC to TDC. Resulting in increase in end charge temperature and hence there is a tendency of engine knocking. Conclusion : In SI engine compression ratio varies from 6 to 12 preferably on lower side. 2. Inlet air Tempearture: Increase in inlet air temperature causes increase in end charge temperature and hence increase in SI engine knocking tendency. Conclusion : In SI engines use of supercharger is not preferred because it will increase the inlet air temperature. 3. Speed: As the speed of SI engine increases the convective heat transfer coefficient increase, results in decrease end charge temperature. Hence SI engin...

Functions of riser in casting.

Riser: Riser is the most important gating element used in casting process. Riser is used to compensate the liquid and solidification shrinkage during solidification process. cross sectional view of casting Functions of riser: Riser ensure the complete filling of the cavity so that the sound casting can be produced. Clearly riser functions can be divided into four categories. Used to compensate shrinkage (Liquid and solidification). Ensure complete filling of the cavity. Make the dense/compact casting. Allow gases to escape so that gas defect free casting can be obtained. This article is incomplete. we'll update it soon.

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